Hitler s A Totalitarian State - 1690 Words

Many historians claim that Hitler introduced a totalitarian state in Germany in the years between 1933 and 1939. A totalitarian state was defined as a government that promotes the individual to the state and strictly controls all aspects of life by extreme measures. There is no doubt that radical changes occurred as a result of significant decisions made and policies introduced by the party, but there appears to be strong evidence to suggest that their desire for popularity and power was not completely fulfilled. In order for Germany to be considered a completely successful totalitarian state they must achieve the key features of a totalitarian state. The features of a totalitarian state were defined by German historian and political theorist, Carl Friedrichs, as the following six areas; control of the economy, control of opposition, control of the police and armed forces, total control of the media, the use of terror to control the people and control by one party. If the Nazis could not successfully control all of these areas, Germany would not be considered a totalitarian state. In order to assess whether they did, it is necessary to examine all of these factors covering their key points. Many historians believe that the economic crisis of 1929 helped the Nazis to power. The Nazis claimed to have the answer to solving Germany’s economic problems, so it was important for them that this was shown to be true. The most important was the problem of unemployment. OnceShow MoreRelatedA Totalitarian State Of The Soviet Union1552 Words   |  7 Pages A totalitarian state gave the government all of the power over society and seeks control over every aspect in regard of it citizens whether public or private which originated in the year of 1923. Germany, Italy, Soviet Union, and Spain all were totalitarian states at once upon time. Totalitarian states all begun with the most powerful, crucial leaders to date. All of the leaders have something in common, they all wanted power. They all realized that with power comes great responsibility, they gaveRead MoreCharacteristics of a Totalitarian Government Portrayed in the Film, Citizen Kane1714 Words   |  7 Pagesfilm is widely considered a cautionary tale for the late 1930’s and the early 1940’s. The main character, Charles Foster Kane is portrayed as a character that is similar to the totalitarian dictators that came about during this time period, such as Adolf Hitler. Totalitarian dictatorships have the goals of creating unity among the masses and obtaining control over individuals and society. There are three key characteristics of totalitarian governments that are portrayed in the film Citizen Kane. Read MoreWorld War II : A Totalitarian Government Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessystem behind many countries. The totalitarian form of government began with the reign of Joseph Stalin, the dictator of The Soviet Union, and Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. A totalit arian government is known as a society that is run by a dictator, but not all dictatorships are from a totalitarian government (4.). Those living in a totalitarian society have little to no freedom and are controlled by the government. Another word to refer to the totalitarian government system is the word fascismRead MoreTo What Extent Can Nazism in Power Be Seen as Totalitarianism in the Period 1933-1939?1008 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Fredrich’s â€Å"six point syndrome†, a totalitarian state must consist of an official ideology, a single mass party, terroristic police control, monopoly control of the media and arms and central control of the economy. During the Nazi Reich between 1933-1939, under Hitler as Fuhrer (supreme leader), the Nazi regime was able to successfully achieve aspects of totalitarianism by exerting tight control of the media and police; leading to control of certain aspects of German social, politicalRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1 9841377 Words   |  6 Pagesnation has its own particular government, or leader. A government’s role is to regulate and organize their nation, along with their citizens. There are various types of governments, such include democracy, oligarchy, and more specifically, totalitarian. A totalitarian government gains extensive amounts of control and power over all of their people, and dominate over every aspect of their lives. George Orwell’s â€Å"1984,† conveys to its readers how the government presented totalitarianism and obtained controlRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of Hitler and Stalin1126 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Hitler and Stalin Angelica Calvillo HIS 306: Twentieth-Century Europe April 26, 2010 Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany and Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Union are two controversial regimes. Hitler and Stalin were both Dictators of the countries they ruled. When Hitler and Stalin are compared, we can clearly see that each one of them were cold blooded killers. They are both responsible for an absurd amount of innocent deaths. Hitler is believed to be responsible for killing at leastRead MoreNineteen Eighty Four : A Warning For The Future1123 Words   |  5 Pagesdystopian novel written by George Orwell in the late 40’s. At the time when Orwell started writing Nineteen Eighty-Four, WWII was just coming to an end. The late 40’s was also the start of the Cold War. The Cold war brought along much fear of communist governments, such as the Soviet Union, becoming a world power. Orwell was one of the people who feared a dictatorship coming to power. He wanted to warn the population of what could happen if a totalitarian government became a world power. In or der to do suchRead MoreSimilarities Between Adolf Hitler And Benito Mussolini973 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler Vs Benito Mussolini When speaking of modern totalitarian states Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini are bound to be mentioned. While being significant leader of the nation during time of depression and devastation, in which was caused by the first world war. They both were about to gain power in similar fascist and totalitarian views on how a country should be run. Despite their many similarities, they also were very different through their initial efforts of revolt, social ideas andRead MoreNazi Germany: A Totalitarian State?1532 Words   |  7 PagesNazi Germany: A Totalitarian State? The purpose of this essay is to explain whether Nazi Germany was a totalitarian state or not. Totalitarian state means when all aspects of life within a country are under the total control of a person or group, this is often referred to as a dictator. The aspects of life in Nazi Germany that I am going to examine are young people, women, the church, employment, leisure time, propaganda and censorship. After I have discussed these aspectsRead MoreTotalitarianism Is A Form Of Fascism2182 Words   |  9 Pagesis a politically run system where the state holds total authority and power over society and pursues control of all aspects of communal and private life. Totalitarianism is a form of fascism and it is thought that the idea came about in the 1920s with the Weimar German political and legal theorist, and later Nazi academic, Carl Schmitt and Italian Fascists. There are several features that are common to totalitarian regimes. They are usually one-party states governed by a dictator or a dynamic leader

Gender and Consumerism in Postwar Canada Essay - 2341 Words

During the Second World War, both married and unmarried women worked in wartime industries and factories to take the place of men who joined the service. Although women didn’t play a significant role on the battlefields in Europe compared to males, it would be logical to conclude that women played an integral role in the participation and victory in WWII both at home and abroad. Yet when one considers their contribution, it is hard to imagine how much more they could have done given the conservative views of gender role at that time. In the context of traditional gender roles and boundaries, women conceivably maximized their wartime efforts by working in a variety of jobs including industry, volunteering, and serving as support staff for†¦show more content†¦At a time when labour unions were gaining in memberships, organization, and bargaining power, women in the workforce made marginal gains during this period considering the booming economy. Sociologically, a health y economy should in theory provide the framework for change. When citizens have low unemployment and more money in their pockets, time and attention is less directed at bread and butter issues like sustenance and poverty, and aimed at equality and social progress. For women unfortunately, this was not necessarily the case. Their battle with employers was still a struggle between classes than gender parity. Male union leadership would naturally further male worker interests first,8 and this shows a culture of sexism in the workplace that was clearly difficult for working women to overcome. Even union-dues paying women rarely openly questioned their subordination as a sex.9 They were most likely outnumbered and the consequences of being a whistle blower did not want to be entertained. In the mindset of women who worked however, was a developing identity as female wage earners and unionists.10 As the baby boom added to the reasons for women to stay or to return to domesticity, there we re other factors at work. Not only were there more children to increase their home-based responsibilities, but there were geographical reasons that separated women from men. The suburban explosion in the late 1940s and 1950s wasShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages Smith’s fully global perspectives make clear that even though gender parity has rarely been attained in any society and there have been major setbacks or few advances in INTRODUCTION †¢ 5 many countries, the position of women worldwide has improved dramatically and has very often empowered a substantial portion of humanity in ways that would have been unthinkable a century ago. Jean Quataert’s contribution to gender shifts in the twentieth century focuses more narrowly on the variableRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesopportunities to grow. Pay will remain important, but workers will probably not be as focused on pay as in the past.33 These findings are consistent with the description of changing work values conveyed in the following: After a decade of excessive consumerism and blind ambition, American workers between the ages of 25 and 49 are beginning to emphasize public service and family life as measures of success . . .34 The trend toward greater interest in aspects of job satisfaction, such as autonomy and interestingRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagespower relations in organizations? . 16 Chapter 1 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matter? Ideas and perspectives The Corporation (2004) by Joel Bakan (a book and a film) Bakan, who is a professor of law in Canada, argues in his film and book that the corporation is now threatening the very society that created it. Whilst the corporation has come to dominate economic activity, it has simultaneously created through its operation a dangerously narrow and materialist

Importance of Non-Government Organisations-Samples for Students

Question: Disucss about the Importance of Non-Government Organisations. Answer: Introduction: This report is based on the importance of Non-government Organisations and their role on the various subjects and to promote the idea of human rights. It has been observed that the NGOs are certain kinds of non-profit organisations and active in the fields like education, healthcare, public policy, environment and other related issues (Coe and Majot 2013). The citizen found these organisations and in recent times, the importance of these organisations is becoming more effective. Considering their importance, 27th February is celebrating as World NGO Day. In this report, the role of the Organisation Intersex International has been discussed. This supportive measure has been taken for the interest of the intersex people (Carpenter 2016). Curtis Hinkle was the founder of this organisation and work of the organisation has begun in the year 2003. The main objective of this organisation is to maintain equality among the intersex personalities and in the words of sociologists Georgiann Davi s, Organisation Intersex International is the activist organisation in that field. According to this organisation, many people have certain sexual disorders and it is the duty of the humankind to treat them equally. It has branches in different provinces such as Australia, Europe, USA and South Africa (Jones and Hillier 2013). Discussion Organisation Intersex International in Australia: The organisation has been established in Australia in the year 2009 and become a Public generous Organisation in the year 2010. Gina Wilson was the founding president of the organisation. The role of the organisation in the society of Australia is imperative in nature. It has been observed that the medical intervention of the organisation regarding the intersex-affected people has certain positive impacts and the organisation has been actively involved in the cosmetic surgeries to the affected personalities (Preves 2016). It has been stated by Gina Wilson that the organisation is capable to bring effective changes in the mentality of the society regarding the intersex persons. They have advertised certain news on equality regarding the sexual disorder persons and it has been noticed that the organisation, to certain extent, receives huge success in that particular field (Spencer, Meer and Mller 2017). In 2012, an inquiry committee has been established to look over the matters of the organisation and it has been alleged that the organisation is suffering from certain illicit sterilisation. It has been replied by the organisation that the projected impacts of the surgeries are more than the normal reconstruction. The sexual disorder has been termed as gender dysphoria by the organisation and it has been observed that the organisation is attempting to contact with the medicinal persons as well as the doctors to play their role effectively in such processes (Swartz and Erasmus 2016). Dilemmas: It has been observed that the organisation has to face a number of dilemmas while performing their job. The main objective of the organisation is to retain the gender equality and operate the affected persons to give them normal life like others. The organisation has submitted its report on its activities and it has been observed that the number of operations and medicinal sterilisation have been used invariably by the organisation (McDonald 2015). Due to the high use of the steroid, persons are becoming affected by this and the organisation has to face dilemmas in the sectors like Social, Political, Ethical and Legal arena. Doughlas has extended the arena and importance of the Non-governmental organisations. However, the activities of the organisation in Australia are suffering from certain disabilities (Douglas, Levitan and Kiama 2017). It has been agreed by the Australians that the genital mutilation is a wise step regarding the bodily integrity and protecting the children from violence is a great job, but the organisation is taking step on behalf of the girls only. Many citizens have regarded this as unethical. In their view, steps should be taken for the interest of every child and there shall not be any discrimination regarding the point. It has been also observed that the organisation has attempted to operate children and there was no urgency regarding the same (Fraser 2016). Legal issues take place when it has been notified by the inquiry report that the organisation is involved in the surgery of underage children. Non-consensual intersex genital modification is illegal in the provinces of Austra lia. However, there are allegations that the organisation is involved in such activities and for that, the organisations are facing dilemmas. Greenberg has stated that the organisation is facing certain legal and social issues and it has been rightly alleged that the process of the organisation is harmful in nature (Meyer-Bahlburg 2015). It has been observed that the organisation is involving in the genital normalising process. The children who are affected by the sexual disorder needs to be operated to this effect. The organisation does the same job. However, the main side effect of the same is that the operated children sometimes have to face physical abnormality and they have to undergo into a lifelong hormone sterilisation. It has been stated by the Australian Government that it is the right of the children to decide whether they want to be interchanged or stay same. The organisation has no right over the issue. Georgie Yovanovic in the year 1970 who was also affect ted by the forced medical treatments and surgery had bought allegations. Shon Klose, a musician was also pressurised to undergo into a genital surgery without any medical counselling. Form the side of politics too; the organisation has been suffered from certain dilemmas (Nokoff et al. 2017). It has been stated that the children should be treated equally irrespective of their weak points or disorder. It is not wise step to change the problems by way of operating them. It has been mentioned by many human right activists and political ministers that interchange the sexual organs without obtaining their consent is a violation regarding the fundamental rights of the children and therefore, strong allegations have been made against the structure of the organisation. Intersex in South Africa: In the continents of South Africa, the sexual disorders are found in a more ratio. The term intersex can be applied to them who have certain sexual disorders and certain typical binary notions that can be effectively operated to make them normal (Muller 2014). It has been observed that the institution is engaging into a self-operated organisation. In South Africa, the human rights activists, Sally Gross, have established the institution on the intersex criteria. She was acting as a mentor in the arena of intersex activities and established an NGO that was affiliated with the Organisation Intersex International. It has been observed that the problem regarding the intersex is a burning topic in the territory of South Africa and therefore, certain measures have been taken for protecting the interest of the affected persons (Coe and Majot 2013). Dilemmas: In the states of South Africa too, the intersex organisation has to face certain dilemmas and to certain extent, the organisation is violating the rules of the fundamental rights. It has been observed that the organisation is not getting the consent of the children while interchanging their genital organs and the age of the child was also not legal (Carpenter 2016). It has been observed that the clitoral surgeries are become a serious concern and the organisation is alleged to operate those surgeries by the help of over sterilisation. Comparison and contrast between two NGOs: It has been noticed in the early descriptions that both the organisations have certain significant role over the intersex problems and getting success to certain extent. The term intersex is applied to the person who is suffering from the sexual disorders and has certain genital problem that differs them from others. In many states, it has been observed that the intersex persons have to face discrimination and that make them mentally ill. Certain non-government organisations are established to define the problem and curb the ill effect of the same (Jones and Hillier 2013). Organisation Intersex international is one of the NGO that is working for the interest of the intersex personalities. It has been observed that the organisation has done many activities and implemented certain medical policies and applied the same to the affected persons. The organisation was for the first time established in United Kingdom in the year 2003 and in 2009; it has its branch in Australia. The organisat ion has its branch in the states like South Africa, United States and Europe. In this report, the comparison regarding the activities of the two branches of the organisation has been mentioned. The comparisons are depend on the social structure of each states and the political and legal criteria of each of the states (McDonald 2015). It is no doubt to state that there are differences between the governmental and social structure of the two states. The activities and the nature of the two branches are also different. In the state of Australia, governmental approach on the genital transformation has been ob served. It has also been stated that the policies taken by the social activists and the human rights volunteers against the arbitrary policies of the organisation by stating that the institution is not obtaining consent from the children regarding the surgery (HUPF 2015). There are certain other allegations medical dilemmas and it has been observed that the patients have to undergo into the process of sterilisation that might affect their social life. It has been observed that the organisation has taken certain policies in Australia by way of operating the discrepancies regarding the physical bodies and the steroid they are injecting has certain side effects. The Australian government has implemented certain policies regarding the intersex personalities and the term has not been included under the legal enactments (Douglas, Levitan and Kiama 2017). On the other hand, in the provinces of South Africa, the works of the organisation regarding the intersex has been applauded and the government of South Africa is also extend their helping hand towards them so that the social disease like intersex can be curbed (Muller 2014). It has been observed that term intersex has been included in the anti-discrimination law for the protection of equality and justice. Certain documentation has been published to make aware the people regarding the intersex challenge such as Intersexion. Effectiveness of these NGOs: The importance of this organisation in the intersex policies cannot be denied. This organisation has adopted certain policies to abolish the gender discrimination process form the society. It is obvious to state that the main object of the organisation is moral (Crerand, Sarwer and Ryan 2017). The others due to their sexual disorder are affecting many persons and it has been observed that the persons have to face serious conclusion and sometimes, they developed psychological problems. The policies taken by the organisation, to certain extent succeed to remove certain disabilities and awarded with certain prestigious respects. In Australia, the organisation had won United Nations Human Rights Award. It has been observed that the organisation has committed certain surgical operation and many get relief from the curse of having sexual disorders. The main affected person of such disorders is being known as LGBT (Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-Transgender) community. The institution has tried to make equality among these classes. In the developing countries, the impact of the organisation is effective (Meyer-Bahlburg 2015). The organisation wants to become the voice for the intersex people. It helps to promote the concept over the bodily autonomy. This is a fact that the efforts of Sally Gross help the South African government to include the term in the legal enactment to curb the dispute of inequality. Conclusion: Therefore, it has been understood from the above-mentioned points that the Organisation intersex International is playing certain important roles to establish the concept of intersex equality. In the words of Stephanie Farrior, the mentality to the inequality has caused certain dilemma over the humankind (Farrior 2017). The contribution of Organisation Intersex International should be regarded in this case. It has implemented certain policies for the betterment of this community. It has been notified that this organisation has faced a number of criticisms regarding the arbitrary nature of working and over sterilisation. In certain states, the process of gender transformation has been regarded as illegal and the human rights activists are protesting against it. However, the importance of this organisation could not be denied. It is required to mention that the policy implementations are depended on the social structure of the states and therefore, difference has been observed in the t erritory of Australia and South Africa References: Carpenter, M., 2016. The human rights of intersex people: addressing harmful practices and rhetoric of change.Reproductive health matters,24(47), pp.74-84. Coe, J. and Majot, J., 2013. Monitoring, evaluation and learning in NGO advocacy. Findings from Comparative Policy Advocacy MEL Review Project.Oxfam America,2, pp.4-5. Crerand, C.E., Sarwer, D.B. and Ryan, M., 2017. Cosmetic Medical and Surgical Treatments and Body Dysmorphic Disorder.Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Advances in Research and Clinical Practice, p.431. Douglas, M., Levitan, R. and Kiama, L.W., 2017. Expanding the role of NGOs in resettlement.Forced Migration Review, (54), p.34. Farrior, S. ed., 2017.Equality and Non-discrimination Under International Law(Vol. 2). Routledge. Fraser, S., 2016. Constructing the female body: using female genital mutilation law to address genital-normalizing surgery on intersex children in the United States.International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare,9(1), pp.62-72. Greenberg, J.A., 2017, May. Legal, ethical, and human rights considerations for physicians treating children with atypical or ambiguous genitalia. InSeminars in Perinatology. WB Saunders. HUPF, R., 2015. 2015 SPECIAL ISSUE: ADVANCING LGBTQIA RIGHTS IN A POST-OBERGEFELL WORLD: ALLYSHIP TO THE INTERSEX COMMUNITY ON COSMETIC, NON-CONSENSUAL GENITAL" NORMALIZING" SURGERY.Wm. Mary J. of Women L.,22, pp.73-129. Jones, T. and Hillier, L., 2013. Comparing trans-spectrum and same-sex-attracted youth in Australia: Increased risks, increased activisms.Journal of LGBT Youth,10(4), pp.287-307. McDonald, E., 2015. Intersex people in Aotearoa New Zealand: The challenges for law and social policy: Part I: Critiquing gender normalising surgery.Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.,46, p.705. Meyer-Bahlburg, H.F., 2015. Misrepresentation of evidence favoring early normalizing surgery for atypical sex anatomies: response to Baratz and Feder (2015).Archives of sexual behavior,44(7), pp.1765-1768. Muller, A., 2014. Professionalism is key in providing services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex South Africans.SAMJ: South African Medical Journal,104(8), pp.558-559. Nokoff, N.J., Palmer, B., Mullins, A.J., Aston, C.E., Austin, P., Baskin, L., Bernab, K., Chan, Y.M., Cheng, E.Y., Diamond, D.A. and Fried, A., 2017. Prospective assessment of cosmesis before and after genital surgery.Journal of pediatric urology,13(1), pp.28-e1. Preves, S.E., 2016. Unruly bodies.Introducing the New Sexuality Studies, p.115. Spencer, S., Meer, T. and Mller, A., 2017. The care is the best you can give at the time: Health care professionals experiences in providing gender affirming care in South Africa.PloS one,12(7), p.e0181132. Swartz, L. and Erasmus, G., 2016. LGBTI-psychosocial services and support adolescents and young people in Gauteng, Pretoria South Africa: profiling the psychosocial support services of OUT (servicing the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community).Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research,7(9).

The Octopus, Man... Essays - Octopuses, Octopodidae, Cephalopod

The Octopus, Man... They change color, texture, and body shape... have three hearts... are jet powered... have members in every ocean of the world... have inspired legends and stories since recorded history... are the most intelligent of all invertibrates, yet are related to clams and oysters... have eyes and senses that rival our own... and can make their own smoke screen decoys out of ink. They are Cephalopods - octopi, cuttlefish, squids, etc. - and they are far more fascinating than one might think. Cephalopoda means, head foot, and they certaintly are of an ancient group... they first appeared several million years before the first primitive fish began to swim the oceans, in the late Cambrian era. They were once one of the dominant life forms in the sea, yet today there are only 650 or so living species left. (This may seem like quite a bit, but compare it to the 30,000 living species of bony fish on this planet and it loses its prominence.) Yet in terms of productivity, some scientists feel that cephalopods are still giving fish a run for their money.With so much information on cephalopods available, it becomes neccesarry to narrow down the catagories. Thus, I have determined to zoom in on the order Octopoda as the main focus of this paper, a group on animals which contains, in my opinion, some of the more interesting and intelligent creatues on this planet. Members of the order octopoda have eight arms. Over the corse of evolution, the trend has been a reduction of shell size. Octopi, having no shells at all, have carried this trend the furthest. The suborder ncerrata contains the familiar, unfinned octopuses that humans know the most about. Octopi have evolved mechanisms to protect themselves from predators. Some of the amazing abilities of octopi include their ability to change theircolor, texture, and apparent size; to expel ink; and to modify their environment to suit themselves. Octopi are able to jet water through their siphon by contracting their mantel to provide quick, explosive thrust. They have the intelligence and ability to get into and out of fishermen's crab and fish traps and to get under an undergravel filter plate in an aquarium. They can adapt to new situations and appear to be curious about their surroundings. Octopi can use their bodies as a nets to trap fish. Having very little hard material in their bodies, usually only a beak and a radula, they can squeeze into amazingly small spaces. You would think that the lack of a hard defensive shell would make the octopus an easy meal. However, the above adaptations that Ive mentioned are often used together to effectively evade their predators. An octopus could darken in color, expel a cloud of dark ink, immediately jet away while turning white, and then disappear under a rock, leaving the predator confused and somewhat perturbed at the situation. Although octopi possess beaks and cephalotoxins, and, if they wanted to or felt the need to, could easily hurt or kill any human who dared to enter their territory, they generally do not affect man... but the exception is a beautiful blue-ringed octopus from Australia. Though it is shy and definitely won't viciously attack, it can, if it feels threatened, defend itself by delivering a venom that can kill in minutes... so if you ever happen to find yourself splashing and swimming around the Great Barrier Reef, just make sure to stay on your toes. The life span of octopi is short, varying from six months in the small species to three years in the larger ones. It is believed that the hormone that regulates sexual maturation is also associated with natural death. Another interesting aspect of octopi is their reproduction. It is generally thought that cephalopods are fast growing animals that reproduce once and then die. In Octopus briareus, an impregnated female can store viable spermatophore for as long as one hundred days after fertilization!!! The eggs are generally laid in a protected lair and fanatically guarded by the female. She usually eats very little or not at all during this period and dies shortly after the eggs hatch. It has been observed that even unfertilized females lay eggs, brood,